![]() Thus, this is an excellent model to study the chronic effects of stress, isolation, and confinement on people unbiased by preexisting training, adaptation, or disease (see also ). While astronauts undergo years of specialized training, winter-over crews receive a medical and psychological screening for eligibility only. Further stressors include nutritional changes and circadian rhythm disruption due to seasonal shifts of complete daylight (December, January) to complete darkness (June, July). Participants of winter-over campaigns face 12-months of isolation and confinement under hypobaric hypoxia (~650 hPa) and extreme outside temperatures that can drop down to −80 ☌. One of the analog platforms similar to a space station, is the French-Italian Concordia Station remotely located on the Antarctic plateau 3233 m above sea level. These allow isolating single aspects of the space environment on Earth and make space research more accessible ( Pagel and Chouker, 2016). Due to the low number of subjects, limited crew time and various technical constraints, several high fidelity ground models, so called space analogs, with unique characteristics exist. Since the early days of human space exploration, isolation and confinement of astronauts, living and working in a very stressful environment for up to twelve months, have been acknowledged as risk factors for mission success and crew health ( Walters and Henning, 1961 Schmitt and Schaffar, 1993). The observed negative effects range from mood and sleep disturbances to cardiovascular and immune dysfunction ( Xia and Li, 2018 Yi et al., 2014). Prolonged periods of isolation and confinement, whether it be in a group of people or complete self-isolation, are stressors that disbalance body and mind. Impairment of antiviral immunity in winter-over crew can be explained by the downregulation of a battery of ISGs. Among them, the interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) IFITM2 and 3 as well as IFIT3 exhibited the strongest fold changes and IFIT3 remained downregulated even after return. Next to the activation of the stress response eIF2 pathway, interferon signaling was predicted inactivated due to a downregulation of 14 downstream genes involved in antiviral immunity. Data revealed the inactivation of key immune functions such as chemotaxis and leukocyte recruitment which persisted after return. RNA-seq data analysis was done using QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software. We performed next generation sequencing from RNA extracted from blood samples of 8 male subjects collected before, during and after a 12-month stay at the Antarctic station Concordia. The mechanism behind this observation remains unclear. Lorella is a proud Latina who believes that we will win.Exposure to stressful environments weakens immunity evidenced by a detectable reactivation of dormant viruses. ![]() Treasury Advisory Committee on Racial Equity (TACRE). She is also a member of the inaugural U.S. Hazen Foundation Board of Trustees, FWD.us Board of Directors, and the National Committee for Responsive Philanthropy (NCRP) Board of Directors. Lorella currently serves as a member of the ACLU National Board, Edward W. ![]() She then served as United We Dream’s Director of Advocacy and Policy, where she led the campaign to implement DACA and was part of the team that persuaded the Obama administration to protect four million undocumented Americans through DAPA. Her life was transformed after coming out as “undocumented and unafraid” and organizing undocumented students to step into their power in Connecticut. Lorella moved from Peru to Connecticut with her family at the age of ten. Prior to joining the ACLU, Lorella mobilized the Latinx vote as Hillary Clinton’s National Latino Vote Director. Until she joined CC/A in 2019, she was a Deputy National Political Director at the ACLU, where she fought to defend and expand the rights of immigrants and refugees. Lorella is passionate about building collective power to win transformative policy change at all levels of government, so that people can thrive. Lorella Praeli is the Co-President of Community Change and Community Change Action.
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